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Boris Kaufman
Boris Abelevich Kaufman, A.S.C. ((ロシア語:Бори́с Абра́мович Ка́уфман); August 24, 1906 – June 24, 1980) was a cinematographer〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Boris Kaufman )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】The New York Times">title=Boris Kaufman )〕
and the younger brother of filmmakers Dziga Vertov and Mikhail Kaufman. Kaufman was born into a family of Jewish intellectuals in Białystok when Congress Poland was part of the Russian Empire.
After the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, Poland regained its independence and Boris moved there with his parents. Mikhail and Denis stayed in the Soviet Union and became notable filmmakers, producing avant-garde and agitprop films. The brothers later stayed in touch primarily by letters; Vertov visited Boris Kaufman in Paris twice, in 1929 and 1931.
After graduating from the University of Paris Kaufman turned to cinematography, collaborating with Jean Vigo and Dimitri Kirsanoff.
During World War II, he served in the French Army against the Nazis; when France fell, Kaufman escaped to Canada. After working briefly with John Grierson for the National Film Board of Canada, he moved to the United States in 1942.
Kaufman supported himself by filming short subjects and documentaries until director Elia Kazan chose Kaufman to make his American film debut as Director of Photography for ''On the Waterfront'' (1954), for which Kaufman won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography (Black and White) and a 1955 Golden Globe Award. For ''Baby Doll'' (1956), he received a second Oscar nomination.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cinematography (Black-and-White) )〕 Kaufman was director of photography for Sidney Lumet's first film, ''12 Angry Men'' (1957), and ''The Pawnbroker'' (1964). Retiring in 1970, he died in New York City in 1980.
==Filmography==
*1927: ''Les Halles centrales''
*1928: ''Champs-Élysées''
*1928: ''La marche des machines''
*1928: ''24 heures en 30 minutes''
*1929: ''À propos de Nice'' (''Nizza'')
*1929: ''Les Halles''
*1931: ''Taris, roi de l'eau'' (''Jean Taris, Swimming Champion'')
*1931: ''La vie d'un fleuve: La Seine''
*1932: ''Le mile de Jules Ladoumègue''
*1932: ''Travaux du tunnel sous l'Escaut'' (film is lost)
*1933: ''Zéro de conduite'' (''Zero for Conduct'')
*1933: ''Le chemin du bonheur''
*1933: ''L'Atalante'' (aka. ''Le chaland qui passe'')
*1934: ''Le Père Lampion''
*1934: ''Zouzou''
*1935: ''Lucrèce Borgia''/''Lucrezia Borgia''
*1935: ''Les berceaux''
*1935: ''Jeune fille au jardin''
*1935: ''Quand minuit sonnera''
*1936: ''Klokslag twaalf''
*1936: ''L'homme sans coeur''
*1936: ''Oeil-de-Lynx, détective''
*1936: ''On ne roule pas Antoinette''/''You Can't Fool Antoinette''
*1937: ''De man zonder hart''
*1937: ''Cinderella''
*1937: ''Êtes-vous jalouse?''
*1937: ''Les hommes sans nom''
*1938: ''Fort Dolorès''
*1938: ''Les gaietés de l'exposition''
*1938: ''A l'ombre d'une femme''
*1938: ''The Fatted Calf''
*1939: ''Sérénade''/''Schubert's Serenade''
*1944: ''Hymn of the Nations''
*1944: ''A Better Tomorrow''
*1945: ''Capital Story''
*1945: ''The Southwest''/''Land of Enchantment. Southwest U.S.A.''
*1946: ''Journey Into Medicine''
*1947: ''The Lambertville Story''
*1948: ''Terribly Talented''
*1948: ''Osmosis''
*1950: ''Preface to a Life''
*1950: ''The Tanglewood Story''/''Tanglewood, Music School and Music Festival''
*1951: ''The Gentleman in Room 6''
*1952: ''Leonardo da Vinci''
*1952: ''And the Earth Shall Give Back Life''
*1953: ''On the Waterfront''
*1954: ''Garden of Eden''
*1954: ''Within Man's Power''
*1954: ''Amazing What Color Can Do''
*1955: ''Singing in the Dark''
*1955: ''A Family Affair''
*1955: ''Patterns''/''Patterns of Power''
*1955: ''Baby Doll''
*1956: ''Crowded Paradise''
*1956: ''12 Angry Men''
*1958: ''Home Again''
*1959: ''That Kind of Woman''
*1959: ''The Fugitive Kind''
*1960: ''Splendor in the Grass''
*1962: ''Long Day's Journey Into Night''
*1963: ''Gone Are the Days!''/''Purlie Victorious''/''The Man from C.O.T.T.O.N.''
*1963: ''All the Way Home''
*1963: ''The World of Henry Orient''
*1963: ''The Pawnbroker''
*1965: ''Film''
*1965: ''The Group''
*1967: ''Bye Bye Braverman''
*1968: ''The Brotherhood''
*1968: ''Up Tight!''
*1969: ''Tell Me That You Love Me, Junie Moon''
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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